HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE URINARY SYSTEM OF AGRICULTURAL ANIMALS

Abstract

The histomorphological structure of the urinary system in agricultural animals, including cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs, plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis by filtering waste products, regulating water balance, and excreting metabolic waste. This review discusses the distinct histological features of the kidney, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra, highlighting the specific cellular and tissue-level adaptations that facilitate the specialized functions of the urinary system. The kidneys exhibit a well-organized structure with a cortex and medulla, each responsible for filtration and concentration of urine. The ureters and urinary bladder are lined with transitional epithelium, which enables them to accommodate varying volumes of urine, while the bladder's muscularis aids in urination. The urethra facilitates the elimination of urine and demonstrates variations in epithelial structure depending on its location. Understanding these histological features is essential for insights into the functional capabilities and health of the urinary system in agricultural animals.